Incognito mode, backstage browsing, and different akin modes offered by web browsers are a genuinely utile diagnostic for your privacy, but it's not what galore radical deliberation it is.
There's a communal cognition that utilizing backstage browsing modes makes it truthful nary 1 tin spot which sites you're using, oregon what you bash connected them, but the information is that the lone spot these modes fell thing is connected your ain computer. All of these different entities tin spot precisely wherever you're spending clip online.
7 Other People connected Your LAN

All the web postulation that goes from your machine to the net astatine location goes done a web router, which is successful crook connected to the extracurricular network, oregon WAN (Wide Area Network).
That router can't bash its occupation unless it knows wherever each packet is meant to go, which means that anyone who tin propulsion the logs from the router oregon show the LAN's web postulation live, tin spot which websites a circumstantial machine has visited and when.
Do with that accusation what you will, but if you're connected your parents' net and they are mildly tech-savvy, they tin fig retired wherever you've been.
6 Your ISP
The net is simply a web of networks—an internetwork. Get it? So fundamentally your Internet Service Provider (ISP) is conscionable a large mentation of your location router network, with larger and larger web tiers until you get to the net arsenic a whole.
So, conscionable arsenic with the LAN astatine your location oregon workplace, the tremendous routers utilized by your ISP to link each its customers to the main net trunk lines tin spot each of your web traffic. Which means your ISP knows precisely which websites you are visiting and astatine what time.
What your ISP can't cognize is which machine oregon instrumentality successful your location was utilized to sojourn a fixed site, due to the fact that it lone sees the postulation from your router. So the astir it tin cognize for definite is that the net transportation astatine your code was utilized to sojourn a circumstantial site, and backstage browsing modes person nary effect connected this whatsoever.
5 Malware

There are galore types of malware, and spyware exists to ticker what you bash connected your machine done assorted means. This tin see logging your net traffic, taking snapshots of your screen, and logging each of your keystrokes. All neatly arranged by clip and date. The spyware past sews it each up successful a neat bundle and sends the information disconnected to the malware's author.
The malware writer tin past usage that accusation for thing from credential and individuality theft to blackmail. Whether your browser was successful incognito mode oregon not makes nary quality here.

Related
The Best Antivirus Software of 2024
Are your devices protected arsenic good arsenic they could be?
4 Your Employer oregon School
While the web astatine your schoolhouse oregon workplace whitethorn beryllium overmuch much analyzable and ample than your location LAN, the aforesaid principles apply. The strategy head tin spot what sites you are visiting.
On astir well-run schoolhouse oregon enactment networks, sites that you are not allowed to visit, specified arsenic societal media sites, are blacklisted anyhow truthful you'll beryllium blocked. However, determination are apt sites that should person been blocked according to argumentation that aren't connected the database yet, and if you sojourn them, the web admin volition know.
Most important of all, this is existent whether you are utilizing a idiosyncratic instrumentality oregon a enactment device. So, if your smartphone is connected to the company's Wi-Fi, you're connected the hook for immoderate prohibited tract you visit.
3 The Website You Visit
The main intent of incognito mode is to forestall sites from knowing who you are by blocking the astir communal methods sites usage to physique a illustration of you. Mainly by deleting each the impermanent records of your sojourn astatine the extremity of the session.
However, if you sojourn 1 of these sites successful backstage browsing mode, and past bash thing similar log successful to your account, past evidently the tract volition cognize who you are.
There whitethorn besides beryllium impermanent cookies that are deleted astatine the extremity of your backstage browsing which could beryllium utilized to fig retired who you are.
2 Browser Extensions
Browser extensions are a privateness nightmare astatine the champion of times, but extensions that enactment by monitoring what sites you sojourn and communicating with a distant server volition evidently cognize what sites you are visiting. It's ever champion to debar browser extensions oregon minimize them if you attraction astir privacy.
I'm not saying each extensions are bad, but you should beryllium circumspect astir the ones you choose. Besides, extensions are 1 mode that browser fingerprinting is performed. This is wherever websites fig retired your identity.
In incognito mode, extensions are disabled by default, but you person the enactment to alteration them, connected a per-extension basis. I'd deliberation twice, oregon adjacent 3 times astir doing that unless you truly request to usage a peculiar hold portion incognito.

Related
Browser Extensions Are a Privacy Nightmare
Browser extensions are overmuch much unsafe than astir radical realize.
1 DNS Providers
DNS oregon Domain Name System providers are fundamentally the phonebook of the internet. When you benignant successful a URL successful your browser, it has to nonstop a petition to a DNS server. The server knows what website you asked to visit, and it provides the IP code of the carnal machine you're trying to access.
The lone clip this doesn't hap is if the code is cached from a erstwhile visit, oregon if you've manually listed the code and IP successful your hosts file. If you're inactive utilizing your ISP-provided DNS past it's yet different mode they tin portion unneurotic your net activity.

Related
How to Run Your Own DNS Server connected Your Local Network
Running your ain DNS server is simply a large mode to accelerate your network's responsiveness, trim your reliance connected nationalist infrastructure, and payment from other functionality similar hostname routing.
What About VPNs?
The modular proposal erstwhile it comes to hiding your online enactment from the entities supra is to usage a VPN. Now, erstwhile you usage a VPN to entree websites, it's existent that, for example, your ISP tin lone spot that you've connected to the VPN. They can't spot what sites you entree done the VPN, due to the fact that that's lone thing disposable astatine the exit node.
However, that doesn't mean that your net enactment is wholly hidden, oregon that it can't beryllium traced backmost to you. The biggest contented is that you person to spot the practices and technologies of your VPN provider. That they don't support immoderate logs, and that they'll not store backstage accusation astir you.
If the VPN isn't configured correctly, oregon simply rolls implicit connected you, you're getting identified either way. Ultimately, the champion happening to bash is refrain from visiting websites that could get you successful ineligible trouble, oregon get you successful occupation astatine schoolhouse oregon enactment specifically. While you tin instrumentality precautions to marque it little apt that your enactment volition beryllium discovered, there's ever a chance.